What is AGM Battery
AGM means absorbent glass mat and refers to the fine glass fiber separator between the positive and negative plates that helps absorb all the battery acid. AGM Batteries are advanced lead-acid batteries.
Benefits of AGM Battery
They are spill-proof
Unlike the traditional lead-acid batteries that freely flood their electrodes, AGM batteries have glass mats that prevent this. Additionally, it is the function of these glass mats to avoid spillage. Rather than absorbing the electrolyte, the glass mats work by holding the electrolyte in place, preventing it from spilling over, even when the battery is placed in odd positions.
They have a high-power output
Because of the way that they are designed, the AGM batteries have minimal internal resistance. This, therefore, enables them to provide sufficient bursts of power when necessary, such as when one needs to start a battery. Due to this feature, these batteries respond better to loading than any other battery on the market.
They have a short charging time
AGM batteries, compared to flooded batteries, charge quickly. When compared to flooded batteries of a similar capacity, the charging rate can reach five times faster with the same power source.
They have a longer lifespan
AGM batteries have a longer lifespan than traditional flooded batteries. Moreover, not only do they serve for a more extended period when they perform the same tasks, but they also last longer when they are not in active use. This is because self-discharging is minimized in these batteries, unlike other types of batteries, which is a huge problem. This ensures that one does not have to keep charging them after an extended period of inactivity.
They are durable
These AGM batteries were originally designed to serve the aircraft industry. This means that they have a sturdy design, one that can handle conditions of intense vibrations, just like those in military and commercial aircraft. Because of this property, they are a favorite for high-end motorcycle riders and race car drivers. The sandwich construction method adopted in their design ensures that their internal components do not fall apart. Moreover, they are invulnerable to the subsequent wear and tear that may result from frequent and continuous vibrations. Furthermore, they can withstand extreme temperature variations.
They are unlikely to build up sulfation
Sulfation is the property of lead-acid batteries, where there is a gradual accumulation of lead sulfate crystals in the cells. In most cases, it is the cause of failure in lead-acid batteries. Sulfation mostly occurs when the battery is not fully charged, and thus the crystals continuously build up on the plates. When this process goes out of hand, it prevents the efficient conversion of chemical to electrical energy. Therefore, for other types of lead-acid batteries, it is essential to charge them every six months to prevent sulfation. However, in AGM batteries, sulfation is significantly reduced. Therefore, they can be stored for extended periods without needing a recharge.
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How To Choose An AGM Battery
Consider reserve capacity
Look for a battery with a high reserve capacity. This means that the battery can deliver more amperes (current) for longer periods of time, and has a low internal resistance, which means that it is not prone to overheating or overcharging.
Check the life span
Select a battery with a long life span. Check how many years you want the battery to last — this will depend on how often you use it and how much power it provides.
Check for reliability, safety, and maintenance needs
Choose one that is reliable, safe, maintenance free and environmentally friendly. If possible, try comparing standby performance rather than just starting performance because this gives a better indication of what happens when the engine is off but still running other equipment like lights.If you are buying a battery for an emergency power supply, look for one that has been tested at least once per year and labeled as “spill proof” . This will make it easier to transport and store.
Types of AGM Battery
Lead-calcium
Lead-calcium AGM batteries have many of the operating limitations of the flooded, wet cell battery, but without the hazardous issues. They are single purpose in function and design. The “SLI” design – starting, lighting and ignition – is pulse starting, but cannot be deep cycled. Doing so would shorten service life dramatically. Lead-calcium “deep cycle” batteries are also single purpose by design in that they support deep discharging, and have a specific deep discharge cycle rating. Their thick plates don’t allow for pulse starting power like the SLI design.
TPPL
TPPL AGM batteries are dual purpose, have the highest CCA ratings and deep cycle at 400 cycles to 80% depth of discharge. They can be fast charged, and discharged, in the range of -40°F (-40°F) to 176°F (80°C) provide 10-12 years of float service and, best of all, do not fail catastrophically. TPPL AGM batteries are certified environmentally friendly as non-hazardous and non-spillable by US-DOT and International Air Transport Association (IATA).
How to Charge an AGM Battery
Plug in your AGM-compatible battery charger. Follow any other instructions for your specific charger.
Connect the charger to your car battery posts. Again, check the indicator lights and make sure they're set to AGM or Absorbed.
Start the charger and wait two to eight hours to fully charge your AGM battery.
Start the charger and wait two to eight hours to fully charge your AGM battery.
Disconnect the car's negative terminal and wrap it with a glove, rag or anything to prevent it from touching any metal. The negative cable is usually black, but you can also look for a minus (-) symbol on the cable as well.
IMPORTANT: Select AGM or Absorbed for the battery type on your charger. A smart charger may detect the voltage and battery type when you connect it, but don't leave it to chance. Select 12 volts to match the voltage of your AGM battery.
Disconnect the charger from the battery when it's done. Your charger's indicator light will signal when it's done charging the battery. Again, avoid letting the charger's clamps touch the battery's loose negative clamp.
Reconnect the car's negative terminal to the battery. Disconnect the backup battery. Now you're ready to hit the road with a fresh start.
Application of AGM Battery
- Recreational vehicles: AGM batteries are used in recreational vehicles such as RVs and camping trailers as they can provide reliable power for extended periods without requiring frequent maintenance.
- Telecommunications: AGM batteries are widely used in telecommunications applications such as cell towers and backup power generators.
- Medical equipment: AGM batteries are used in various medical equipment such as emergency ventilators, portable ultrasound machines, and patient monitoring devices due to their reliability, durability, and long lifespan.
- Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS): AGM batteries are commonly used in UPS systems as they provide reliable backup power and do not require frequent maintenance.
- Marine: AGM batteries are preferred for marine applications due to their spill-proof design, ability to withstand vibrations, and moisture-resistant features.
- Automobiles: AGM batteries are extensively used in automobiles, especially high-end cars, and electric vehicles. The batteries provide high cranking power and exceptional performance even under extreme temperature conditions.
- Solar energy storage: AGM batteries are used in solar energy storage systems as they can handle deep discharge cycles and provide consistent performance.
6 tips to extend your AGM battery's life
Charge your AGM battery regularly
It's critically important to charge your AGM battery as often as possible. This will maintain your battery's life and ensure it stays alive for at least five years. However, it is important to not overcharge your battery. Instead, find the perfect balance and make sure you are charging it at the correct voltage. This will greatly improve the life of your RV battery or marine battery.
Use temperature-compensated charging
All charging sources should use temperature-compensated charging, which will greatly improve your battery's life. By adjusting the temperature, you will be able to charge the battery in warm and cold weather year-round. Many new smart-chargers have an internal temperature sensor while others have remote temperature sensors to adjust for the climate.
Minimize voltage drop
Remember to minimize the voltage drop in your system's wiring. This will ensure the best charging performance — even if it's a small drop. Incorrect voltage sensing will hurt your battery's life and slows down the charging time.
Use smart chargers
Using a smart charger can significantly increase your battery's life by charging it quickly and efficiently. If you're in the market for a smart charger, try to find one with auto-voltage detection to ensure you are charging at the correct voltage. Also, utilize your smart charger's safety timer to avoid overcharging.
Use the correct float voltages
To ensure your AGM battery doesn't die over time, it is paramount you are using the correct float voltages. Try to avoid chargers with dip switches. When programming with dip switches, they often lack the correct voltage and can cause serious long term damage to your battery.
Use an alternator temperature sensor
Using an alternator temperature sensor when possible in conjunction with an external regulator will help fight the demand alternators receive from an AGM battery. This high demand on the alternator can shorten the life of the battery or cause it to fail completely.
4 Effective Ways To Maintain Your AGM Battery and Keep It Durable
When you are storing your AGM battery for longer periods, always remember to recharge. Store your battery in a place that has enough ventilation and ensure it is a cool and dry store. Avoid keeping your battery in a discharged state, as this will lead to sulfation.
When the sulfuric acid found in the lead-acid batteries react, especially in the negative plate, it will form lead sulfate, which results in sulfation. Sulfation reduces the battery's ability to hold a charge. Keeping your AGM battery charged during and before storage will help to avoid the process of sulfation. In case sulfation occurs on your AGM battery, use a desulfation charge to reverse the sulfation. You can also use the AGM battery recommended charger to lower the impact of sulfation.
Every AGM battery has a recommended charger, as per the manufacturer. The manufacturer's charger ensures the delivery of the recommended voltage to the AGM battery without undercharging nor overcharging. When the wrong charger is used, it can cause sulfation to your AGM battery.
Maintaining the performance of your AGM battery demands correct charging. The internal structures of your AGM battery can be damaged due to overcharging. Likewise, the lifespan of your AGM battery can be reduced due to undercharging. To effectively charge your AGM battery, determine what the correct voltage should be, as written in the manufacturer's instructions. Avoid using a traditional petrol generator to charge your AGM battery.
Differences Between an AGM and a Regular Car Battery
Charging time
The lower internal resistance in the AGM gives them an increased rate of charging compared to the lead-acid batteries. The AGM is five times faster in charging than the flooded lead-acid batteries. Furthermore, the AGM responds to ample power demands meeting the demand easily than any other lead-acid batteries.
Lifespan and self-discharge
The AGM has a lower self-discharge rate that lasts longer than the flooded lead-acid batteries. The AGM has a lifespan of up to seven years if well maintained, compared to other batteries that last for three to five years. Therefore, the AGMs last longer and will serve you better than any other batteries.
Maintenance needs
The lead-acid battery contains an electrolyte inside that emits gasses. Therefore, the battery needs to be in a well-aerated and open area for easy maintenance and emission of gases. On the other hand, the AGM battery is maintenance-free and emits no gases. This makes it best suited for vehicles that use batteries in trunks and beneath the seats.
Durability
The lead-acid battery is prone to vibrations and forceful movements. Therefore, they are delicate and can easily break when exposed to such conditions for a long time. Thus, one must be cautious when mounting them to minimize these effects. On the other hand, AGM is made up of glass mats and battery plates that make the structure unbreakable. Furthermore, they make the battery stronger and resistant to shock and vibration.
Internal resistance and power output
Internal resistance in the battery results in its voltage output. Therefore, the lower the opposition, the higher the output voltage. The AGM batteries have a resistance of as low as two percent, thus having a high power voltage. On the other hand, flooded lead-acid batteries have a resistance of between ten to fifteen percent. This, therefore, gives the AGM an upper hand as more potent than other lead acid batteries.
How to charge an AGM battery
Before anything, take off any jewelry, put on safety glasses and go to a well-ventilated area or outdoors.
Plug in your AGM-compatible battery charger. Follow any other instructions for your specific charger.
Connect a backup power supply to the onboard diagnostics OBD-II Port.
Disconnect the car's negative terminal and wrap it with a glove, rag or anything to prevent it from touching any metal. The negative cable is usually black, but you can also look for a minus (-) symbol on the cable as well.
IMPORTANT: Select AGM or Absorbed for the battery type on your charger. A smart charger may detect the voltage and battery type when you connect it, but don't leave it to chance. Select 12 volts to match the voltage of your AGM battery.
Connect the charger to your car battery posts. Again, check the indicator lights and make sure they're set to AGM or Absorbed.
Start the charger and wait two to eight hours to fully charge your AGM battery.
Disconnect the charger from the battery when it's done. Your charger's indicator light will signal when it's done charging the battery. Again, avoid letting the charger's clamps touch the battery's loose negative clamp.
Reconnect the car's negative terminal to the battery. Disconnect the backup battery. Now you're ready to hit the road with a fresh start.
Charging your car battery will warm it up. If it gets too hot, the water inside the battery evaporates. In turn, the liquid inside gets more acidic. That means the battery's insides corrode much faster. The solution is to charge your battery slowly. You want to raise its charge without raising its temperature.
Differences Between AGM VS Flooded Lead Acid Batteries
AGM batteries
The absorbed glass mat material present in AGM batteries is a special element that reacts with the electrolyte solution, which is available between the battery plates inside the battery. Due to its unique design aspect, the material saturates with the electrolyte to produce current. Thus, it is capable of storing the power in rather a suspended state compared to the liquid form technology used in other batteries.
When the battery is activated, the ionized electrolyte is transferred from the glass mat material towards the battery plates. The mat material contains sufficient amounts of electrolytes to provide high capacity output from the battery. Even if the battery’s outer casing is damaged, it is designed in such a way that it does not cause any hazardous leakage.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Flooded lead-acid batteries are much simpler in construction and usage compared to lead-acid batteries, as these are older models. These batteries also consist of a liquid electrolyte solution that triggers the chemical reaction within the battery. The charge is drawn from the battery, the solution bonds with the lead plates present inside the batteries. Thus, causing a chemical reaction inside the battery and supplying current throughout the circuit.
AGM batteries
As mentioned earlier, AGM batteries are completely free from maintenance and do not require any special care. That being said, it is still not the most ideal option as you will still need to pay attention while charging the battery. But being completely maintenance-free, you do not necessarily need to look at the battery every now and then and can be placed in an enclosed space with ease.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Due to the free liquid content inside the battery, the flooded lead-acid batteries need constant care and maintenance. You will have to periodically check these batteries for potential problems and repair them if necessary. Thus, the batteries must be installed in an easily accessible place which might make them an unsuitable choice for some vehicles. These batteries also release gases and require a ventilated installation space.
AGM batteries
AGM batteries are comparatively tougher than the flooded lead-acid battery. They have great durability and resistance to unnecessary shock and vibration. Because of the unique internal design, the parts of the AGM batteries do not get damaged easily, thus providing a resilient structure for heavy applications.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Flooded batteries are best suited for stationary applications as these devices can get damaged easily. Even after slight impact or excessive vibration, flooded lead-acid batteries can generate leakage problems which will further cause a lot of trouble to the user.
AGM Batteries
AGM batteries have great flexibility for mounting. Due to its design, it can be stored at any location. Given that the battery is not mounted reverse, it should work just fine in any mounting position.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Because of the liquid electrolyte present in the flooded lead-acid batteries, you have to pay extra care while installing it. You need to make sure that the mounting is secured and stable and will not tilt the battery at any point. If the electrolyte is spilled over the surface of the battery, it can cause sulfation and corrosion.
AGM batteries
The internal resistance in a battery causes loss of power due to excess heat generation. Fortunately, AGM batteries offer a very low internal resistance which is around 2%. Thus, you can get an increased voltage output from these batteries for a longer period of time. This feature makes AGM batteries a perfect choice for start/stop type engines.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Flooded lead-acid batteries have a comparatively higher internal resistance which dampens their performance by a considerable margin. Generally, a standard flooded lead-acid battery has around 10 to 15% internal resistance. Thus, you can expect higher internal heat generation in these batteries, which also creates the need for proper ventilation.
AGM batteries
Because of the low internal resistance, AGM batteries also carry a great advantage which is faster charging time. As there is barely any power being wasted while charging these batteries, you can expect quicker charging sessions which will also prevent your battery from going below 50% capacity.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Flooded lead-acid batteries are up to 5 times slower in terms of charging speed than an AGM battery. Even while using the same power source for charging the battery, you can observe a much slower charging period for flooded lead-acid batteries.
AGM batteries
Each battery has a particular depth of discharge rating, which represents the percentage of battery capacity drained with respect to the total capacity of the battery. A typical AGM battery has a depth of discharge of around 80%, which is quite higher than that of the flooded lead-acid battery. Thus, these batteries are perfect for deep cycle battery applications.
Flooded lead acid batteries
The flooded lead-acid batteries, on the other hand, offer only 50% or lesser depth of discharge. Hence, you are bound to lose the performance and efficiency of the battery if it falls 50% of its capacity. Therefore, flooded lead-acid batteries require more frequent charging sessions.
AGM batteries
AGM batteries have a decent tolerance against harsh temperatures and offer much better performance in comparison. The electrolyte in an AGM battery that is stored inside the glass mat does not get affected by sudden temperature changes and thus, does not expand or contract. Hence, even if the battery does not perform optimally in a colder or hotter environments, it does not fail completely.
Flooded lead acid batteries
In the case of flooded lead-acid batteries, the liquid is free on the inside and can freeze over the surface of battery plates. This can damage the battery plates and cause the external casing to break. This might result in the leakage of the fluid. In the case of hot regions, flooded lead-acid batteries have a higher chance of failure due to quicker evaporation of the fluid.
AGM batteries
Overcharging causes a lot of problems in batteries. However, AGM batteries are more prone to get damaged by overcharging. As these batteries are completely sealed, there is not enough room for excessive heat dissipation, which is caused by overcharging. Thus, frequent overcharging of AGM batteries causes them to degrade faster.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Overcharging is not as big of an issue for flooded lead-acid batteries. These batteries have a high tolerance towards overcharging. Because of that, you do not need to monitor a flooded lead-acid battery constantly while it is charging.
AGM Batteries
AGM batteries have proven to be more long-lasting than other options. Because of the low self-discharge rate, they do not lose power as quickly as other batteries when not in use. Thus, you will not have to recharge AGM batteries as often.
Flooded lead acid batteries
While an AGM battery can last up to 7 years, a flooded lead-acid battery lasts nearly 3 to 4 years, depending on many other factors. Thus, you will start to notice problems with a flooded lead-acid battery much quicker than an AGM battery.
AGM batteries
As there is no chance for liquid spillage, AGM batteries are safer from problems like corrosion and sulfation. That being said, the battery will still undergo sulfation problems if it is unused or discharged for a very long time. But, because the self-discharge rate is slower in AGM batteries, the sulfation problem will also be less severe.
Flooded lead acid batteries
Problems like sulfation and corrosions are repeatedly observed with flooded lead-acid batteries. In most cases, it is caused by leakage of the electrolyte solution from the battery. In the case of a flooded lead-acid battery, if you see significant amounts of corrosion and sulfation on the surface, you will have to get the battery replaced.
AGM batteries
Probably the biggest limitation of an AGM battery is its expensive price range. While it does offer many great advantages over other options, it is not affordable for all. Generally, these options are almost twice as expensive as a traditional flooded car battery.
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Asked Questions
Q: Do AGM batteries need to be charged differently?
Q: What happens if you charge an AGM battery with normal charger?
Q: What is the life expectancy of an AGM battery?
Q: Can you jumpstart an AGM battery?
Q: What maintenance is required on an AGM battery?
Q: How do I know if my AGM battery is bad?
Q: What happens if you fully discharge an AGM battery?
Q: What causes AGM batteries to fail?
Q: Can I put distilled water in AGM battery?
Q: What is the float charge on a AGM battery?
Q: How do you test an AGM battery?
Q: Can an AGM battery last 10 years?
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Q: Can a dead AGM battery be restored?
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Q: Can AGM batteries go flat?
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Q: How low should a AGM battery get?
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